Atmospheric weather will not affect a properly installed GPS system. The Loran system was not good at all in snow. The signal would would just disappear. That might be where people get the idea that it does the same thing to gps
Solar wind caused by sunspots can throw off the accuracy when at northern or southern latitudes.
The military May jam it for its purpose but it's usually local in nature. Followed by some serious ass kicking.
For our subject of speedos I think it's a great idea. The only problem might be finding a spot to mount the antenna. From what I have seen with a handheld gps with a external antenna is that the signal will go thru glass or plexiglass, but not metal. Wipers can interrupt the signal as well.